Yesterday's Office Equipment (1)

In my last post, I complained about the meagre remuneration I received as a bank clerk in the late 1970s. That was only half the story... and half the suffering that I went through. Besides paying me a somewhat subsistence salary, my employers then also made me work with obsolete office equipment. Well, to be very fair, the equipment could not be considered really that outdated at that time - they were probably second or even third generation ones. However, when viewing them in the context of today's technological advances, the equipment were real antiques in every sense of the word.

First and foremost, every bank clerk must be equipped with a certain machine. It was a machine that was slightly more sophisticated than this one:


It was a manual adding machine:


Don't you dare sniff at it though. It could be operated when there was a power failure - not by batteries, not by electricity but just by candlelight (so that you could see in the dark lah). It also sported a leading brand name in office equipment at that time - Olivetti. (I learnt from a website that the giant Italian company had since changed its business to focus on telecommunications and IT instead. In Aug 2003, the company also adopted the name 'Telecom Italia'.)

The adding machine that I used had a cranking handle on the right. It was meant to be operated with the right hand only as well as by the right-handed only. (I don't know if the company specially designed left-handed models to cater for left-handed people. I certainly haven't seen any left-handed models at that time, except pretty sashaying ones, perhaps.)

When you want to add two numbers, you simply punch in the first set of figures with the fingers on your right hand, punch the addition (+) sign, punch in the second set of figures, then confidently pull back the handle to see the answer appear magically on the paper roll right before your eyes. You are unlikely to mistake the grand total with any other number because the machine was equipped with a red-black ink ribbon that printed totals in red and other numbers in black:


The machine could probably handle all four arithmetic operations, i.e. addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. However, I recall that it was mostly used for addition and hence its name - adding machine. I think decimal points were handled by punching one of the black buttons with a white dot on it. Some of the senior staff could operate the machine so well that their fingers seemed to be 'tap dancing' effortlessly on the keypad. The 'dancing' was interrupted only by the occasional cranking of the handle. And all these were done without so much as a glance at the machine or keypad. It was very much like touch-typing. In contrast, for a newbie like me, I couldn't calculate even half as fast as the seniors although I had my eyes glued to the keypad. I did not stay long enough in the two banks to learn to calculate as quickly as the seniors and probably because of that, I also didn't develop right biceps as big as theirs.

The machine was quite noisy during operation. Every punch of a button created a more than audible 'click-clack' sound - 'click' when punching it and 'clack' when releasing it. The cranking of the handle is even noisier - somewhat like the cocking of a rifle. So if you have a group of clerks operating the machines at the same time, the sound generated could certainly rival that of a casino's jackpot room. Coincidentally, the cranking of the adding machine's handle also looked uncannily similar to the wrestling with the 'one-armed-bandit'.

The machine was so noisy that you could never pretend that you were busy calculating while hiding behind a partition because the lack of noises would easily give you away. So don't even think of calculated (pardon the pun) risks like catching up on your sleep that way at the office after watching an early morning World Cup match.

Not long after I left the banks, life was a little easier for those who stayed on. They had a improved version of the adding machine:


It was the electric adding machine. But it was no less noisy. And not blackout-proof.

I couldn't remember how the supermarkets of that era totalled up your purchases. There were certainly no barcode scanners nor electronic registers then even in Cold Storage which was considered upmarket at that time. The supermarkets probably used a manual cash register which looked like a giant adding machine like these:


But most people were poor then and could only afford to buy from cheaper traditional grocers such as the one shown in the photo below. Her 'cash register' was two Milo cans linked by a rope which ran through two overhead pulleys. (One of the cans could be seen at the left side of the photo.) This 'cash register' operated quite like a seesaw - when one went up, the other went down. The 'closing of the cash register' was achieved by leaving both cans at mid-height, just like the one in the photo.


Such grocers made use of another type of calculator:


The abacus.

Remuneration for My First Few Jobs

My first two consecutive 'permanent' jobs in the late 1970s was as a clerk in foreign banks Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP) and Bank Negara Indonesia 1946 (BNI 46). The former was then located in Overseas Union House in Collyer Quay while the latter was situated in Malacca Street. [I think the former is now known as BNP Paribas, still located in Collyer Quay but on the opposite side of the road. BNI 46 is now known as PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, now situated in Cecil Street. Don't ask me what the words 'Paribas' and 'Persero' mean - they sound like French and Indonesian to me. Meanwhile, my name has remained unchanged for the last 50 years.]

The two banks were where I learnt my first words of French and Indonesian (not 4-letter ones). I didn't go very far with French but I could manage some Indonesian, maybe because it is very similar to our National Language. I also didn't go very far with either bank - I worked only about 3 months in each. You know why when I tell you that BNP was paying me $250. Mind you, that was per month and not per week. And it was in Sing dollars and certainly not French Francs (or Euros now). In addition, it was gross pay, i.e. before the deduction of CPF. After CPF took its monthly painful bite, my take-home pay was a measly $220+. Although the cost of living then was much lower than now, after paying for my lunch and public transport costs, I was lucky if I had any money left over. But it was just as well because the banks expected you to work lots of overtime. So much so that you didn't have much leisure time. So why do you need so much money for? I could almost hear the banks saying. "Why not let us keep the money safely... as our profits?"

One would have thought that banks, which have so much money, would at least pay their staff fairly, if not generously? But no, $250 was the standard starting pay for clerks. That amount was decreed by the Association of Banks then, I think. The purpose was probably to prevent poaching of clerks by one bank from another, I guess. Well to be fair, the banks paid a standard of 3 months' bonus. But could a clerk possibly survive till the end of the year to collect his bonus? Maybe, but it was difficult.

My friend Chris asked me why my money photo for this post had the words 'SAMPLE' on the dollar notes instead of the usual 'SPECIMEN'. I told him that I used 'SAMPLE' deliberately because I consider a $250 pay packet as only a sample of a real pay. Today, that amount couldn't even pay for my monthly petrol bill. So sad and fed up (with progress).

The irony of it all was that we were made to handle transactions that were thousands of times the amount of our monthly salaries. On paper, the figures seemed so unreal and surreal. I could fully understand why some employees were tempted. Very honestly speaking (literally), if I was not made of stronger moral fibre, I would have similarly succumbed too. If so, I would probably be in one of the following businesses today - baking, cooking, laundry or electrical and plumbing works - jobs for ex-offenders for which training is provided by SCORE (Singapore Corporation of Rehabilitative Enterprises).

When Philip, a senior clerk in BNP saw me leaving the office at 5 pm sharp, he blared out: "You've got to take advantage of the time difference between Singapore and Paris, you know?"

(I philiped flipped and interpreted what he was saying as: "The bank has to take advantage of cheap labour, you know?")

He also said: "You've got to work lots of overtime when you want to work in the bank!"

(And I thought that he was saying: "If you are unwilling to work overtime, you might as well resign!")

So resign I did. I went home and typed my resignation letter on my good old-fashioned manual typewriter right away. When BNI 46 offered me $50 more per month as meal allowance, I literally grabbed the offer. True, $50 meal allowance wasn't very much but at least I wouldn't go hungry with it.

Three months later, my present employer offered me $465 a month, which was quite comfortable in those days. (Imagine, if someone offers you almost double your pay today, wouldn't you have grabbed it too?) Since then, no one offered me a better pay and I remained loyal to my employer till this day.

I heard that NHB (National Heritage Board) is looking for a Corporate Communications Executive. Hmm... I wonder how much they are paying?

British Legacies (2)

The establishments which were out-of-bounds to all ranks

at all times. House numbers and some details have

been masked out to protect existing property

business owners.

In my previous post titled British Legacies (1), there was a map showing the "out-of-bounds" areas to British military personnel in Singapore. In this post, Mr Peter Tan continues his story:

It must have come as a surprise to everybody as to why these restrictions existed. Did Singapore become the "Suzie Wong" of South East Asia? To side-track a bit, let's go back to the days of the Malayan Emergency (1948-1960) which saw the rising tide against imperialism and colonialism - two keywords often used by our country's founding fathers.

In order to provide manpower to contain the spread of Communism, Britain dispatched a number of regulars and National Servicemen to the region. National Service (NS)? Did I hear NS for the British? Indeed. NS was introduced in Britain in September 1939 by an Act of Parliament. At the end of WW2, the British Parliament decreed that all males in the British Isles, barring coal miners, between the age of 18 and 25 years had to do 18 months National Service in one of the three services: British Army (BA), Royal Navy (RN) or the Royal Air Force (RAF). This went up to 24 months because of the Korean War and the Malayan Emergency. Many chose an overseas posting for more pay and for the excitement of a foreign land. Many chose Singapore. When these single males arrived they were billeted in places like Nee Soon, Slim Barracks, Gloucester Barracks, Seletar, Kangaw, Terror, Selarang, Changi, Kranji, etc - names that should be very familiar to every SAF personnel.

Although there were the usual NAAFI or Union Jack Club that a young British male could go for that Tiger Beer (almost every British chap looked up to our Tiger, a sign of good international branding), there was always something mysterious about the tropics. Coming also at the time of the Maria Hertogh incident in 1956, it made sense for the British to impose strict discipline among the NS men. Since pay day was on a fortnightly basis, it was a time to leave camp and head for town. Many places soon understood that a typical "Johnny" was very generous when it came to fun and drinks.

Bars were not set-up by the triads but commercially-minded people who could make an offer few could resist. Many Chinese girls worked as bar girls, hoping for that better life - either more money or to marry a foreigner and sail to a distant land. There was very little a young Chinese girl or a woman with social-marital problems could do. Jobs were few to women in the 1950s and a good education for women was not well-received by many conservative families. So it made economical sense to consider the bar option.

Many bars sprouted up in the Bencoolen Street and Bras Basah area. Business cards were used as the means to lure the British.

A business card of a bar at 42 Bencoolen St.

Note that the postal district there was only

a single digit "7" and the telephone number

had only 5 digits. Also, most illustrations then

were hand-drawn pictures or cartoons.

Coffeeshop at 42 Bencoolen Street today when

postal districts are in 6 digits and fixed line

telephone numbers have 8 digits.

Many "hotels" (a kinder term) bloomed all over Singapore. The punishment for any British soldier caught in a raid by the military authorities was the docking of half a month's pay. Though it had its initial impact, it was still not good enough. CROs (Company Routine Orders) and a card (see first photo) was handed to every new arrival to Singapore. The problem became less severe by 1963. By then, National Service was abolished, NS men demobilized and a new profile of regular British military personnel came to protect and bravely defend Singapore during the Indonesian Confrontation period.

Back in the mid-60s when a "swaku" like me came to town to study at one of the finest English-medium educational institutions, we spent our Saturday evenings (after a game of rugby or scouting) exploring the dark corners of Bras Basah Road and Bencoolen Street. Not too far from our great institution was a bar next to the Bethesda Bras Basah Church (which I think could now be the Carlton Hotel):

The bar in Bras Basah Road (above) and its business

card (below). Note that "In Bounds" simply meant

not "out-of-bounds" and the handwritten suggestion

to "just ask for Daisey".

By 1967, the neon advertising board on the building facade of the bar looked like almost falling to the ground. Luckily it was suspended on one side by a thin wire. The paint work on the concrete pillar which had the word "BAR" had faded away. One day, we sneaked up the creaky stairs to the second level and saw a row of flashing coloured tungsten bulbs, a singer blasting into the microphone and a crowd of locals doing the "Twist". Suddenly a big burly bouncer approached us. We quickly made our exit after a small "Q&A" session. We found out about the history of the place but its heyday was over.

So where we now find our traditional "red light" areas or bars in places like Joo Chiat, East Coast Road, Jalan Besar, Tanjung Katong Road and Geylang, spare a thought and think back to "Yesterday Once More” when it all happened.

Further Readings:

1. Book Titled "Between Two Oceans : A Military History of Singapore from First Settlement to Final British Withdrawal" (Author: Malcolm H Murfett et al);

2. Straits Times article dated 3 Feb 2004 about ex-British airmen based here visiting old haunts and recalling the 1950s-60s and Changi Village bars. (There is a photo of one such bar in the PDF version here. There is a also mention of Stamford Cafe (see map in previous post) in the article;

3. This site contains many photographs and images contributed by people who lived in Singapore during the 1960s and early 70s and who were mostly children of British Armed forces personnel.

4. Unofficial site of Australia & New Zealand Forces; and

5. The RAF Seletar Association website.

Fun Clip

In keeping with the unwritten theme of this blog, here's a fun clip. Click on the box below to play the video.



It is also my reply to Frannxis' fun clip here.

Hahaha.